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Cirrhosis of the liver

Cirrhosis is not a disease in its own right but an end point that many different kinds of liver damage arrive at once they have gone on for years.

Cleft lip and cleft palate

The face closes up early in pregnancy — the lip during the second month, the palate a little later.

Clostridioides difficile (C. diff) infection

Clostridioides difficile — formerly called Clostridium difficile and shortened in conversation to C.

Cluster headache

This is one of the most severe pains medicine knows and, at the same time, one of the most recognisable: always on one side, always around or behind the eye…

Coeliac disease

Coeliac disease is not an allergy to bread and not a fashionable intolerance. It is a lifelong immune reaction to the protein of three cereals, in which the…

Cold sores

Blisters on the lip are familiar to roughly one adult in two. They are usually unpleasant, unflattering and entirely harmless: in a week and a half they…

Colic in babies

Colic is not an illness and not a diagnosis; it is a description. A healthy baby in its first months cries for hours on end and is almost impossible to console.

Colour vision deficiency (colour blindness)

Say "colour blindness" and most people picture a world drained to grey. That is probably the single biggest myth about it.

Compartment syndrome (muscle compartment compression)

This is one of those conditions where the outcome is decided not by the surgeon's skill but by how many hours passed before the operation.

Complex regional pain syndrome

The fracture has healed, the cast is off and the X-ray looks fine, yet the hand hurts so much that it cannot be touched.

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