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Narcolepsy

A healthy brain keeps a firm border between sleep and wakefulness. In narcolepsy that border blurs: sleep rolls in during the day and cannot be resisted…

Nasal and sinus cancer

Behind the nose and around it lies a whole system of cavities: the nasal cavity itself and four pairs of air-filled sinuses — in the cheeks, in the forehead…

Nasal polyps

A nasal polyp is not a tumour and not a lump that sprang up out of nowhere. It is a piece of lining that has been inflamed for years, filled with fluid and…

Nasopharyngeal cancer

The nasopharynx is a small space just behind the nose, above the soft palate. Air passes through it, and the tubes that ventilate the middle ear open into it.

Necrotising fasciitis

This is a rare infection in which the microbes settle not in the skin but underneath it, in the thin sheets of tissue that wrap the muscles.

Neonatal herpes (herpes in a baby)

Neonatal herpes is infection of a newborn with the herpes simplex virus — the same virus that in adults causes a cold sore on the lip or sores on the genitals.

Nephrotic syndrome in children

Nephrotic syndrome is the condition in which the kidneys stop holding on to protein, so that large amounts of it are lost in the urine.

Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1)

NF1 is a condition you are born with, caused by a gene that normally keeps the growth of nerve sheath cells in check and no longer does its job.

Neurofibromatosis type 2 (NF2)

NF2 is a rare inherited condition in which benign tumours grow on nerves inside the skull and the spine.

Neuromyelitis optica (NMO)

This is a rare autoimmune condition in which the immune system attacks the body's own nervous tissue — above all the optic nerves, the spinal cord and certain…

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