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Ankylosing spondylitis

Almost everyone gets back pain, and it usually behaves predictably: it turns up after physical effort and settles once you lie down.

Antiphospholipid syndrome

Antiphospholipid syndrome (APS, also known as Hughes syndrome) is an immune disorder that makes blood clot far too readily inside the vessels.

Aphasia

Aphasia is the loss of language, not of intelligence. The part of the brain that handles words has been damaged: the person can no longer find the name of a…

Appendicitis

Appendicitis is inflammation of the appendix, the small blind-ended pouch that hangs off the start of the large bowel in the lower right corner of the abdomen.

Arthritis

Arthritis is not one disease but a shared name for pain, swelling and stiffness in the joints.

Asbestosis

Asbestosis is scarring of lung tissue in people who breathed asbestos dust for years. Two or three decades usually pass between inhaling the fibres and the…

Aspergillosis

Aspergillosis is caused by an everyday mould, the fungi of the genus Aspergillus. Its spores are almost everywhere: in soil, in rotting leaves, in hay, in…

Asthma

Asthma is a chronic inflammation of the airways that leaves them excessively touchy. In response to dust, cold air or an ordinary cold, the muscle in the…

Astigmatism

Astigmatism is not a disease but a feature of the eye's optics: its focusing surfaces are curved unevenly in different directions, so light comes together at…

Ataxia

Ataxia is not a diagnosis but a sign: movements stop being accurate and coordinated, even though strength in the arms and legs may be perfectly normal.

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