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Albinism

Albinism is an inherited difference in metabolism in which the body makes very little melanin, or none.

Alcohol misuse

There is no clean line between "I drink like everyone else" and "I have a problem", which is exactly why the problem goes unnoticed for years.

Alcohol poisoning

Alcohol poisoning is not just a heavy night out. It is the point at which there is so much ethanol in the blood that it shuts down the parts of the brain…

Alcohol-related liver disease

The name covers three separate conditions with one cause behind them: fatty liver, alcoholic hepatitis and cirrhosis.

Allergic rhinitis

Allergic rhinitis is inflammation of the lining of the nose set off not by an infection but by something you breathe in: pollen, house dust mite, animal…

Allergies

An allergy is a mistake of recognition. The immune system takes a harmless protein — a fragment of nut, cat saliva, wasp venom — for a danger and mounts…

Altitude sickness

Mountain air has the same composition as air at sea level, but it is thinner: every breath carries less oxygen.

Alzheimer's disease

This is the commonest cause of dementia, the state in which a person gradually loses memory, language and the ability to manage without help.

Amyloidosis

Amyloidosis is not one disease but several different ones that end the same way. A misfolded protein settles in the tissues: instead of doing its job and…

Anabolic steroid misuse

Anabolic steroids are synthetic relatives of testosterone. In medicine they have a narrow set of uses; outside medicine they are taken for muscle mass and…

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