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Soft tissue sarcoma

Soft tissue sarcoma is a rare malignant tumour that grows out of muscle, fat, blood vessels, tendons, ligaments or the sheaths around nerves.

Spina bifida

Spina bifida is a developmental condition in which a baby's spine and spinal cord do not form completely, leaving a gap in the vertebrae.

Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA)

Spinal muscular atrophy is a rare inherited condition in which the motor neurones of the spinal cord die off — the cells that carry the instruction to…

Spondylolisthesis (a slipped vertebra)

Spondylolisthesis is when one vertebra slides forward over the one below it. Nearly always it happens in the lower back, most often at the two lowest vertebrae.

Sprains and strains

These are the most ordinary injuries there are: an ankle that rolls off a kerb, a hand that slips on a bar, a hamstring that goes on the very first sprint.

Squint (strabismus)

A squint is when the eyes do not point at the same thing: one looks straight ahead while the other turns in, out, up or down.

Stammering

Stammering is a break in the flow of speech: a sound repeats, stretches out, or a word simply jams, even though the speaker knows exactly what they want to say.

Staph infection

Staphylococci are bacteria that live permanently on the skin and mucous membranes of a great many healthy people without giving any sign of themselves.

Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS) and toxic epidermal necrolysis

This is a rare but life-threatening reaction in which the skin peels away and the mucous membranes — mouth, eyes and genitals — break down.

Stillbirth

Stillbirth is the death of a baby in late pregnancy or during birth. Which week the term starts from is defined differently from country to country — usually…

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