Japanese encephalitis
Japanese encephalitis is a rare but serious infection you can get from mosquito bites in some parts of the world. If you're travelling to an area where there's a risk of catching it, you can get a vaccine to help prevent it.
If these symptoms are severe, persistent or worsening, seek medical advice promptly.
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Japanese encephalitis is a rare but serious infection you can get from mosquito bites in some parts of the world. If you're travelling to an area where there's a risk of catching it, you can get a vaccine to help prevent it.
Check if you're at risk of Japanese encephalitis
Japanese encephalitis is not found in the UK. It's mostly found in rural areas of Asia, but it's rare for travellers to get it.
It's caused by a virus which is spread through mosquito bites.
Places where Japanese encephalitis is found include parts of:
- India
- China
- Japan
- South Korea
- Indonesia
- southeast Asia (such as Thailand, Malaysia and Vietnam)
How to lower your risk of Japanese encephalitis
There are some things you can do to avoid mosquito bites when travelling to areas with a risk of Japanese encephalitis.
Do
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use insect repellent on exposed skin, ideally containing at least 50% DEET
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sleep under a mosquito net treated with insecticide
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when possible, wear long-sleeved tops, trousers or long skirts, socks and shoes to protect your skin from mosquito bites
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get advice from a travel vaccination clinic before you travel
Japanese encephalitis vaccine
A vaccine for Japanese encephalitis is recommended if you're travelling to a part of the world where the virus is found, especially if:
- you're staying for more than a month
- you're staying in a rural area
- you're staying near or visiting rice fields, wetlands, or places where pigs are kept
You'll have to pay for the Japanese encephalitis vaccine. You can get it from travel health clinics and pharmacies with travel health services.
Symptoms of Japanese encephalitis
Most people who get Japanese encephalitis have no symptoms.
Some people get flu-like symptoms such as:
- a headache
- a high temperature
- feeling or being sick
- tummy pain
The symptoms usually go away on their own, but in some people the infection spreads to the brain and causes more serious symptoms such as:
- a severe headache
- feeling confused
- not being able to feel or move parts of your body (paralysis)
- seizures (fits)
Call 112 if you or someone else has:
- a severe headache and a stiff neck
- sudden confusion (for example, not being sure of your name, age, or where you are)
- sudden weakness or suddenly not being able to feel or move part of your body (paralysis)
- a seizure (fit)
- loss of consciousness
- severe difficulty breathing
Do not drive to A&E. Ask someone to drive you or call 112 and ask for an ambulance.
Bring any medicines you take with you.
Important
Get medical advice quickly if you have Japanese encephalitis symptoms while you're travelling.
Treatment for Japanese encephalitis
You'll need to be treated in hospital if you're seriously unwell because Japanese encephalitis can be life-threatening.
Treatments for Japanese encephalitis include medicines to help relieve the symptoms, such as painkillers and steroids.
Japanese encephalitis can sometimes cause long-term complications such as paralysis, seizures, and loss of speech.
