Dandruff

Dandruff is a common skin condition. It's not harmful and you cannot catch it.

This page provides general information and does not replace a doctor’s consultation. If symptoms are severe, persistent or worsening, seek medical advice promptly.

Dandruff is a common skin condition. It's not harmful and you cannot catch it.

Symptoms of dandruff

The flakes are often more noticeable in darker hair and if they fall from your scalp onto your shoulders.

Your scalp may also feel dry and itchy.

How to treat dandruff yourself

Use an anti-dandruff shampoo to treat dandruff. There are several different types you can buy from pharmacies or supermarkets.

Look for a shampoo that contains 1 of these ingredients:

  • zinc pyrithione
  • selenium sulphide (or selenium sulfide)
  • ketoconazole
  • coal tar with salicylic acid

A pharmacist can tell you how to use the shampoo.

Use the shampoo for a month to see if your dandruff gets better. You might need to try more than 1 type to find a shampoo that works for you.

 See a GP if: 

  • you still have dandruff symptoms after using anti-dandruff shampoo for a month
  • your dandruff is bad or your scalp is very itchy
  • your scalp is red or swollen
  • you have flaky, itchy patches on your face or other parts of your body

The GP can check your scalp for skin conditions that could be causing your dandruff.

Causes of dandruff

Dandruff is not caused by poor hygiene, although it may be more obvious if you do not wash your hair regularly.

Stress and cold weather may also make dandruff worse.


Symptoms Possible causes
| Scaly, itchy and red patches on skin on scalp, face and other areas of the body  | Seborrheic dermatitis
| Red or silver rash on scalp, sometimes with patchy hair loss  | Tinea capitis, known as ringworm
| Dry, red, flaky and very itchy skin on areas of the body  | Eczema
| Red, irritated skin, may also have blisters and cracked skin; reaction to products such as hair dye, sprays, gels or mousses  | Contact dermatitis
| Red, flaky, crusty and sore patches of skin covered with silvery scales  | Psoriasis
| Greasy, yellowish crusts on baby's scalp, eyebrows and nappy area  | Cradle cap

Do not worry if you're not sure what's causing your dandruff. Follow the advice on this page and see a GP if things do not get better in a month.

Consult with a doctor about Dandruff

Consult with a doctor about Dandruff

Discuss your symptoms and possible next steps with a doctor online.

Online doctors for Dandruff

Discuss your symptoms and possible next steps for Dandruff with a doctor online.

Doctor
5.0(1)

Tomasz Grzelewski

DermatologyAllergology21 years of experience

Dr Tomasz Grzelewski is an MD, PhD specialist in allergy, paediatrics, general practice and sports medicine, with a clinical focus on dermatology, endocrinology, allergology and sports-related health. He has more than 20 years of clinical experience and completed his medical training at the Medical University of Łódź, where he defended his PhD thesis with distinction. His doctoral research was recognised by the Polish Society of Allergology for its innovative contribution to the field. Throughout his career, he has gained extensive expertise in diagnosing and managing a wide range of allergic and paediatric conditions, including modern allergen desensitisation techniques. For five years, Dr Grzelewski served as the Head of two paediatric departments in Poland, managing complex clinical cases and leading multidisciplinary teams. He also worked in medical centres in the United Kingdom, gaining experience across both primary care and specialist environments. With over a decade of telemedicine experience, he has provided online consultations across Europe and is valued for his clear, structured and evidence-based medical guidance. Dr Grzelewski is actively involved in clinical programmes focused on modern anti-allergic therapies. As a Principal Investigator, he leads research projects on sublingual and oral allergen desensitisation, supporting evidence-based progress in allergy treatment for both children and adults. In addition to his background in allergology and paediatrics, he completed dermatology studies through the Cambridge Education Group (Royal College of Physicians of Ireland) and a Clinical Endocrinology course at Harvard Medical School. This advanced training enhances his ability to manage skin manifestations of allergies, atopic conditions, urticaria, endocrine-related symptoms and complex immunological reactions. Patients commonly seek his care for: 

  • seasonal and perennial allergies
  • allergic rhinitis and chronic nasal symptoms
  • asthma and breathing difficulties
  • food and medication allergies
  • urticaria, atopic dermatitis and skin reactions
  • recurrent infections in children
  • sports-related health questions
  • general family medicine concerns

Dr Tomasz Grzelewski is known for his clear communication style, structured medical approach and ability to explain treatment options in a concise and accessible way. His multidisciplinary background across allergy, paediatrics, dermatology and endocrinology allows him to provide safe, up-to-date and comprehensive care for patients of all ages.

Book a video appointment
€86
Doctor
5.0(4)

Lizaveta Trafimchuk Takhvaniuk

DermatologyFamily medicine10 years of experience

Dr. Lizaveta Trafimchuk Takhvaniuk graduated in Medicine and subsequently specialized in Dermatology and Venereology. She has more than 10 years of clinical experience and is licensed to practice in Spain, where she focuses on the comprehensive diagnosis and treatment of dermatological conditions.

Throughout her education and professional career, Dr. Trafimchuk has gained extensive experience in managing diseases of the skin, hair, and nails, as well as in the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of sexually transmitted infections (STIs). Her clinical approach is based on evidence-based medicine, combined with personalized care tailored to each patient’s needs.

In her daily practice, she treats a wide range of dermatological conditions, including chronic inflammatory dermatoses such as acne, rosacea, atopic dermatitis, psoriasis, and eczema. She also has experience in treating pigmentation disorders, including melasma, post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation, and dyschromia.

She has developed a particular interest in trichology, treating various types of alopecia, chronic hair loss, and scalp disorders. In addition, she has experience in managing infectious dermatoses of fungal, viral, and bacterial origin, as well as in evaluating benign and suspicious skin lesions, with referral to specialized care when necessary.

With a strong interest in a comprehensive approach to skin health, she also treats scars, post-procedural skin changes, and conditions related to hormonal factors and aging, including those associated with pregnancy, menopause, and age-related skin changes.

Thanks to her experience and continuous professional development, Dr. Trafimchuk provides high-quality medical care that is professional, confidential, and aligned with modern dermatology standards.

Book a video appointment
€72
Doctor
0.0(0)

Daria Litash

Dermatology2 years of experience

Dr. Daria Litash is an experienced physician specializing in general medicine, weight management, healthy weight loss, and overall wellness. Her approach combines thorough medical assessment with personalized recommendations to help patients improve their health and maintain an active, balanced lifestyle.

During every online consultation, she places particular emphasis on taking a detailed medical history and identifying the underlying causes of symptoms. When clinically appropriate, she recommends blood tests or additional diagnostic investigations to provide a more accurate assessment and create an individualized treatment plan.

Her main areas of expertise include:

  • Healthy weight management and weight loss
  • Overweight treatment and long-term weight maintenance
  • Hair loss assessment and management
  • Skin health evaluation
  • General medical consultations for adults
  • Preventive medicine and healthy lifestyle guidance

Dr. Litash also holds a qualification in Aesthetic Medicine, allowing her to approach skin and hair concerns from both a medical and preventive perspective, always following evidence-based principles and current clinical recommendations.

Her professional background includes several years of experience working in community pharmacy in Spain, providing her with extensive knowledge of medications, treatment options, and therapeutic alternatives available on the Spanish market, as well as experience in selecting international pharmaceutical products when clinically appropriate.

Her online consultations are designed to provide clear, personalized, and patient-centered medical care, helping individuals better understand their health, make informed treatment decisions, and achieve sustainable long-term wellbeing.

Book a video appointment
€96

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