Package Leaflet: Information for the User
Gilenya 0.25mg hard capsules
Gilenya 0.5mg hard capsules
fingolimod
Read all of this leaflet carefully before you start taking this medicine because it contains important information for you.
Contents of the package leaflet
What is Gilenya
Gilenya contains the active substance fingolimod.
What is Gilenya used for
Gilenya is used in adults and in children and adolescents (from 10 years of age and older) to treat relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (MS) (a disease where symptoms periodically occur), particularly in:
or
Gilenya does not cure MS, but it helps to reduce the number of relapses and slow down the progression of physical disabilities due to MS.
What is multiple sclerosis
MS is a chronic disease that affects the central nervous system (CNS), which consists of the brain and spinal cord. In MS, inflammation destroys the protective covering (called myelin) that surrounds the nerves in the CNS, preventing the nerves from functioning properly. This process is called demyelination.
Relapsing-remitting MS is characterized by repeated attacks (relapses) of neurological symptoms that reflect the inflammation occurring in the CNS. Symptoms vary from one patient to another, but usually include difficulties walking, loss of sensation in some part of the body (numbness), vision problems, or balance disorders. The symptoms of a relapse may disappear completely when the relapse ends, but some problems may persist.
How Gilenya works
Gilenya helps to combat the attacks of the immune system on the CNS by reducing the ability of some white blood cells (lymphocytes) to move freely within the body and preventing them from reaching the brain and spinal cord. This limits the nerve damage attributed to multiple sclerosis. Gilenya also reduces some of the immune responses of your body.
Do not take Gilenya
If any of the above cases apply to you or if you are unsure, tell your doctor before taking Gilenya.
Warnings and precautions
Consult your doctor before starting to take Gilenya:
If any of the above cases apply to you or if you are unsure, tell your doctor before taking Gilenya.
Slow heart rate (bradycardia) and irregular heartbeats
At the start of treatment or after taking the first dose of 0.5 mg, in the case that you have changed from a previous dose of 0.25 mg once a day, Gilenya causes a decrease in heart rate. As a result, you may feel dizzy or tired, be aware of your heartbeat, or your blood pressure may drop. If these effects are severe, tell your doctor, as you may need immediate treatment. Gilenya can also cause irregular heartbeats, especially after the first dose. Irregular heartbeats usually return to normal in less than a day. The slow heart rate usually returns to normal within a month. During this period, no clinically significant effect on heart rate is usually expected.
Your doctor will ask you to stay in the office or hospital for at least 6 hours, with pulse and blood pressure checks every hour, after taking the first dose of Gilenya or after taking the first dose of 0.5 mg, in the case that you have changed from a previous dose of 0.25 mg once a day, so that appropriate measures can be taken in case of adverse effects that appear at the start of treatment. You will need to have an electrocardiogram before the first dose of Gilenya and after the 6-hour monitoring period. Your doctor may continuously monitor your electrocardiogram during this time. If after the 6-hour period you have a very slow or decreasing heart rate, or if your electrocardiogram shows abnormalities, you will need to be monitored for a longer period (at least 2 hours more and possibly overnight, until this is resolved). The same may apply if you are restarting Gilenya after a pause in treatment, depending on both the duration of the pause and how long you were taking Gilenya before the pause.
If you have or are at risk of having irregular or abnormal heartbeats, if your electrocardiogram is abnormal, or if you have heart disease or heart failure, Gilenya may not be suitable for you.
If you have suffered from sudden fainting in the past or a slow heart rate, Gilenya may not be suitable for you. You will be evaluated by a cardiologist (heart specialist) who will advise you on how to start treatment with Gilenya, including overnight monitoring.
If you are taking other medications that can slow your heart rate, Gilenya may not be suitable for you. You need to be evaluated by a cardiologist, who will assess whether you can switch to alternative medications that do not slow the heart rate to allow treatment with Gilenya. If such a switch is not possible, the cardiologist will advise you on how to start treatment with Gilenya, including overnight monitoring.
If you have never had chickenpox
If you have not had chickenpox, your doctor will check your immunity to the virus that causes it (varicella-zoster virus). If you are not protected against the virus, you will likely need to be vaccinated before starting treatment with Gilenya. If so, your doctor will delay the start of treatment with Gilenya for one month after completing the vaccination cycle.
Infections
Gilenya reduces the number of white blood cells in your blood (especially the number of lymphocytes). White blood cells fight infections. During treatment with Gilenya (and up to two months after stopping treatment), you may be more likely to get infections. You may even have a worsening of an infection you already have. Infections can be serious and potentially life-threatening. If you think you have an infection, have a fever, have flu-like symptoms, have herpes (shingles), or have a headache accompanied by stiffness in the neck, sensitivity to light, nausea, rash, and/or confusion or seizures (which can be symptoms of meningitis and/or encephalitis caused by a fungal or herpes virus infection), contact your doctor immediately, as it can be serious and life-threatening.
Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection, including papilloma, dysplasia, warts, and HPV-associated cancer, has been reported in patients treated with Gilenya. Your doctor will assess whether you need to be vaccinated against HPV before starting treatment. If you are a woman, your doctor will also recommend that you have regular HPV checks.
PML
PML is a rare brain disorder caused by an infection, which can cause severe disability or death. Your doctor will perform magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans before starting treatment and during treatment to monitor the risk of PML.
If you think your multiple sclerosis (MS) is getting worse or if you notice any new symptoms, such as changes in your mood or behavior, worsening or appearance of weakness on one side of the body, changes in vision, confusion, memory problems, or difficulties with speech and communication, tell your doctor as soon as possible. These can be symptoms of PML. Also, talk to your family members or caregivers about your treatment. Symptoms may appear without you realizing it.
If you develop PML, it can be treated, and your treatment with Gilenya will be stopped. Some people have an inflammatory reaction when Gilenya is removed from the body. This reaction (known as immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome or IRIS) can cause a worsening of your disease, including a worsening of brain function.
Macular edema
Before starting treatment with Gilenya, your doctor may request an eye examination if you have or have had visual disorders or other signs of inflammation in the central vision area (the macula) of the eye, an eye infection (uveitis), or diabetes.
After starting treatment with Gilenya, your doctor may request an eye examination after 3 or 4 months of treatment.
The macula is a small area of the retina located at the back of the eye that allows you to see shapes, colors, and details clearly and sharply. Gilenya can cause inflammation of the macula, and this condition is known as macular edema. The inflammation usually occurs in the first four months of treatment with Gilenya.
If you have diabetesor have had an eye infection known as uveitis, you are more likely to develop macular edema. In these cases, your doctor will want you to have regular eye checks to detect macular edema.
If you have had macular edema, consult your doctor before continuing treatment with Gilenya.
Macular edema can cause the same visual symptoms as those produced in an MS attack (optic neuritis). At first, you may not have symptoms. You should inform your doctor of any changes you notice in your vision. Your doctor may want to perform an eye examination, especially if:
Liver function tests
If you have severe liver problems, you should not take Gilenya. Gilenya can affect liver function. You may not notice any symptoms, but if you notice a yellowish tone to your skin or the white part of your eyes, unusually dark urine (brown color), pain in your right side of the stomach (abdomen), fatigue, loss of appetite, or nausea and vomiting without apparent cause, tell your doctor immediately.
If you have any of these symptoms after starting treatment with Gilenya, tell your doctor immediately.
Before, during, and after treatment, your doctor will request blood tests to check your liver function. You may need to interrupt treatment if the results of your blood tests indicate a problem with your liver.
High blood pressure
Since Gilenya can cause a slight increase in blood pressure, your doctor will want you to have your blood pressure checked regularly.
Lung problems
Gilenya has a mild effect on lung function. Patients with severe lung problems or "smoker's cough" are more likely to develop adverse effects.
Blood count
The expected effect of treatment with Gilenya is to reduce the number of white blood cells in your blood. This effect usually returns to normal within 2 months after stopping treatment. If you need to have blood tests, inform your doctor that you are taking Gilenya, as they may not understand the results of the tests otherwise. For certain blood tests, your doctor may need more blood than usual.
Before starting treatment with Gilenya, your doctor will confirm whether you have enough white blood cells in your blood and may want to repeat checks regularly. If you do not have enough white blood cells, you may need to interrupt treatment with Gilenya.
Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES)
A condition known as posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) has been rarely reported in patients with multiple sclerosis treated with Gilenya. Symptoms can include sudden and severe headache, confusion, seizures, and changes in vision. Tell your doctor immediately if you experience any of these symptoms during treatment with Gilenya, as it can be serious.
Cancer
Cases of skin cancer have been reported in patients with MS treated with Gilenya. Tell your doctor immediately if you notice any nodules on the skin (e.g., shiny nodules with a pearl-like appearance), spots, or open sores that do not heal within weeks. Symptoms of skin cancer can include abnormal growth or changes in skin tissue (e.g., unusual moles) that change color, shape, or size over time. Before starting treatment with Gilenya, a skin examination is required to check for any skin nodules. Your doctor will also perform regular skin checks during treatment with Gilenya. If any skin problems appear, your doctor may refer you to a dermatologist, who may decide whether it is important to visit you regularly.
A type of cancer of the lymphatic system (lymphoma) has been reported in patients with MS treated with Gilenya.
Sun exposure and sun protection
Fingolimod weakens your immune system, which increases the risk of developing cancer, especially skin cancer. You should limit your exposure to the sun and UV rays by:
Unusual brain lesions associated with MS relapses
Rare cases of large and unusual brain lesions associated with MS relapses have been reported in patients treated with Gilenya. In the case of severe relapses, your doctor will assess the need to perform an MRI scan to evaluate your condition and decide whether you need to stop taking Gilenya.
Switching from other treatments to Gilenya
Your doctor may switch you directly from interferon beta, glatiramer acetate, or dimethyl fumarate to Gilenya if there are no signs of treatment-related abnormalities. Your doctor may need to perform a blood test to rule out such abnormalities. After stopping natalizumab, you may need to wait for 2-3 months before starting treatment with Gilenya. To switch from teriflunomide, your doctor may advise you to wait for a period or undergo an accelerated elimination procedure. If you have been treated with alemtuzumab, a thorough evaluation is necessary, and you should discuss it with your doctor to decide whether Gilenya is suitable for you.
Women of childbearing age
If Gilenya is used during pregnancy, it may harm the fetus. Before starting treatment with Gilenya, your doctor will explain the risks and ask you to have a pregnancy test to ensure you are not pregnant. Your doctor will give you a card that explains why you should not become pregnant while taking Gilenya and what you should do to avoid becoming pregnant while taking Gilenya. During treatment and for 2 months after stopping treatment, you must use an effective contraceptive method (see section "Pregnancy and breastfeeding").
Worsening of MS after stopping treatment with Gilenya
Do not stop taking Gilenya or change the dose prescribed by your doctor without discussing it with your doctor first.
Tell your doctor immediately if you think your MS is getting worse after stopping treatment with Gilenya, as it can be serious (see section 3 "If you stop taking Gilenya" and also section 4 "Possible side effects").
Elderly patients
Experience with Gilenya in elderly patients (over 65 years) is limited. If in doubt, consult your doctor.
Children and adolescents
Gilenya should not be administered to children under 10 years of age, as it has not been studied in patients with MS in this age group.
The warnings and precautions mentioned above also apply to children and adolescents. The following information is especially important for children and adolescents and their caregivers:
Other medications and Gilenya
Tell your doctor or pharmacist if you are taking, have recently taken, or may need to take any other medication. Tell your doctor if you are taking any of the following medications:
Treatment with Gilenya will be supervised by a doctor with experience in treating multiple sclerosis.
Follow your doctor's instructions for taking this medication exactly. If you are unsure, consult your doctor again.
The recommended dose is:
Adults:
The dose is one 0.5 mg capsule per day.
Children and adolescents (10 years of age and older):
The dose depends on body weight:
For children and adolescents who start with a 0.25 mg capsule per day and later reach a stable weight over 40 kg, the doctor will instruct them to switch to a 0.5 mg capsule per day. In this case, it is recommended to repeat the first-dose observation period.
Do not exceed the recommended dose.
Gilenya is taken orally.
Take Gilenya once a day with a glass of water. Gilenya capsules should always be swallowed whole, without opening them. You can take Gilenya with or without food.
Taking Gilenya at the same time every day will help you remember when to take the medication.
If you have doubts about the duration of treatment with Gilenya, consult your doctor or pharmacist.
If you take more Gilenya than you should
If you have taken more Gilenya than you should, inform your doctor immediately.
If you forget to take Gilenya
If you have been taking Gilenya for less than 1 month and forget to take 1 dose during the day, talk to your doctor before taking the next dose. Your doctor may decide to keep you under observation when you take the next dose.
If you have been taking Gilenya for at least 1 month and have forgotten to take your treatment for more than 2 weeks, talk to your doctor before taking the next dose. Your doctor may decide to keep you under observation when you take the next dose. However, if you have forgotten to take your treatment for a period of up to 2 weeks, you can take the next dose as planned.
Never take a double dose to make up for missed doses.
If you stop taking Gilenya
Do not stop taking Gilenya or change the dose you should take without discussing it with your doctor first.
Gilenya will remain in your body for up to 2 months after stopping treatment. The number of white blood cells in your blood (lymphocyte count) may remain low during this period, and it is possible that side effects may still occur. After stopping treatment with Gilenya, you may need to wait for 6-8 weeks before starting a new treatment with another medication.
If you need to restart treatment with Gilenya after a pause of more than 2 weeks, the effect on heart rate that may occur at the start of treatment may recur, and you will need to be monitored in the doctor's office to restart treatment. Do not restart treatment with Gilenya after stopping it for more than 2 weeks without consulting your doctor.
Your doctor will decide if it is necessary to monitor you after stopping treatment with Gilenya and how to do so. Inform your doctor immediately if you think your multiple sclerosis is getting worse after stopping treatment with Gilenya, as this could be serious.
If you have any other questions about using this medication, ask your doctor or pharmacist.
Like all medications, this medication can cause side effects, although not everyone will experience them.
Some side effects can be serious or potentially serious
Common(may affect up to 1 in 10 patients)
Uncommon(may affect up to 1 in 100 patients)
Rare(may affect up to 1 in 1,000 patients)
Very rare(may affect up to 1 in 10,000 patients)
Frequency not known(cannot be estimated from available data)
If you experience any of these symptoms, inform your doctor immediately.
Other side effects
Very common(may affect more than 1 in 10 patients)
Common(may affect up to 1 in 10 patients)
Uncommon(may affect up to 1 in 100 patients)
Rare(may affect up to 1 in 1,000 patients)
Frequency not known(cannot be estimated from available data)
If you consider any of the side effects you are experiencing to be serious, inform your doctor.
Reporting side effects
If you experience any side effects, consult your doctor or pharmacist, even if they are not listed in this leaflet. You can also report them directly through the national reporting system included in Appendix V. By reporting side effects, you can help provide more information on the safety of this medication.
Keep this medication out of the sight and reach of children.
Do not use this medication after the expiration date stated on the carton after "EXP" and on the blister after "EXP". The expiration date is the last day of the month indicated.
Do not store above 25°C.
Store in the original packaging to protect from moisture.
Do not use this medication if you notice that the packaging is damaged or has signs of tampering.
Medications should not be disposed of through wastewater or household waste. Ask your pharmacist how to dispose of the packaging and any unused medication. This will help protect the environment.
Gilenya Composition
Gilenya 0.25 mg hard capsules
Capsule content: mannitol, hydroxypropylcellulose, hydroxypropylbetadex, magnesium stearate.
Capsule shell: gelatin, titanium dioxide (E171), yellow iron oxide (E172).
Printing ink: Shellac (E904), black iron oxide (E172), propylene glycol (E1520), ammonia solution, concentrated (E527).
Gilenya 0.5 mg hard capsules
Capsule content: mannitol, magnesium stearate.
Capsule shell: gelatin, titanium dioxide (E171), yellow iron oxide (E172).
Printing ink: shellac (E904), anhydrous ethanol, isopropyl alcohol, butyl alcohol, propylene glycol (E1520), purified water, ammonia solution, concentrated (E527), potassium hydroxide, black iron oxide (E172), yellow iron oxide (E172), titanium dioxide (E171), dimethicone.
Product Appearance and Package Contents
Gilenya 0.25 mg hard capsules have an opaque ivory-colored body and cap. The cap has a black printing mark "FTY 0.25mg" and the body has a black radial band.
Gilenya 0.5 mg hard capsules have an opaque white-colored body and an opaque bright yellow-colored cap. The cap has a black printing mark "FTY0.5mg" and the body has two yellow radial bands printed with ink.
Gilenya 0.25 mg capsules are available in packs containing 7 or 28 capsules. In your country, only some pack sizes may be commercialized.
Gilenya 0.5 mg capsules are available in packs containing 7, 28, or 98 capsules, or in multipacks containing 84 capsules (3 packs of 28 capsules). In your country, only some pack sizes may be commercialized.
Marketing Authorization Holder
Novartis Europharm Limited
Vista Building
Elm Park, Merrion Road
Dublin 4
Ireland
Manufacturer
Novartis Farmacéutica, S.A.
Gran Via de les Corts Catalanes, 764
08013 Barcelona
Spain
Novartis Pharma GmbH
Roonstrasse 25
90429 Nuremberg
Germany
Lek Pharmaceuticals d.d.
Verovskova Ulica 57
Ljubljana, 1526
Slovenia
Novartis Pharmaceutical Manufacturing LLC
Verovskova Ulica 57
Ljubljana, 1000
Slovenia
Novartis Pharma GmbH
Sophie-Germain-Strasse 10
90443 Nürnberg
Germany
You can request more information about this medicinal product by contacting the local representative of the marketing authorization holder:
België/Belgique/Belgien Novartis Pharma N.V. Tél/Tel: +32 2 246 16 11 | Lietuva SIA Novartis Baltics Lietuvos filialas Tel: +370 5 269 16 50 |
Luxembourg/Luxemburg Novartis Pharma N.V. Tél/Tel: +32 2 246 16 11 | |
Ceská republika Novartis s.r.o. Tel: +420 225 775 111 | Magyarország Novartis Hungária Kft. Tel.: +36 1 457 65 00 |
Danmark Novartis Healthcare A/S Tlf.: +45 39 16 84 00 | Malta Novartis Pharma Services Inc. Tel: +356 2122 2872 |
Deutschland Novartis Pharma GmbH Tel: +49 911 273 0 | Nederland Novartis Pharma B.V. Tel: +31 88 04 52 111 |
Eesti SIA Novartis Baltics Eesti filiaal Tel: +372 66 30 810 | Norge Novartis Norge AS Tlf: +47 23 05 20 00 |
Ελλάδα Novartis (Hellas) A.E.B.E. Τηλ: +30 210 281 17 12 | Österreich Novartis Pharma GmbH Tel: +43 1 86 6570 |
España Novartis Farmacéutica, S.A. Tel: +34 93 306 42 00 | Polska Novartis Poland Sp. z o.o. Tel.: +48 22 375 4888 |
France Novartis Pharma S.A.S. Tél: +33 1 55 47 66 00 | Portugal Novartis Farma – Produtos Farmacêuticos, S.A. Tel: +351 21 000 8600 |
Hrvatska Novartis Hrvatska d.o.o. Tel. +385 1 6274 220 | România Novartis Pharma Services Romania SRL Tel: +40 21 31299 01 |
Ireland Novartis Ireland Limited Tel: +353 1 260 12 55 | Slovenija Novartis Pharma Services Inc. Tel: +386 1 300 75 50 |
Ísland Vistor hf. Sími: +354 535 7000 | Slovenská republika Novartis Slovakia s.r.o. Tel: +421 2 5542 5439 |
Italia Novartis Farma S.p.A. Tel: +39 02 96 54 1 | Suomi/Finland Novartis Finland Oy Puh/Tel: +358 (0)10 6133 200 |
Κύπρος Novartis Pharma Services Inc. Τηλ: +357 22 690 690 | Sverige Novartis Sverige AB Tel: +46 8 732 32 00 |
Latvija SIA Novartis Baltics Tel: +371 67 887 070 |
Date of Last Revision of this Leaflet:
Other Sources of Information
Detailed information on this medicinal product is available on the European Medicines Agency website: https://www.ema.europa.eu
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