Carbamazepine
Tegretol CR belongs to a group of antiepileptic medicines (medicines used to treat epileptic seizures), but its mechanism of action also allows it to be used in other diseases.
Epilepsy is characterized by the occurrence of seizures in the patient.
Seizures result from temporary disturbances in the bioelectrical activity of the brain, resulting in excessive and very violent discharge of a group of nerve cells.
Tegretol CR regulates nerve conduction in nerve cells.
Indications for use:
Tegretol CR can only be used after a thorough medical examination.
The risk of severe skin reactions in patients of Chinese or Thai origin associated with carbamazepine can be predicted by examining a blood sample from these patients. The doctor will inform you if a blood test is necessary before starting treatment with Tegretol CR.
If any of the above points apply to the patient, they should tell their doctor
immediately.
Before starting to take Tegretol CR, the patient should discuss it with their doctor or pharmacist.
Tegretol CR should only be taken under close medical supervision:
The patient should seek medical advice immediatelyif they experience any of the following symptoms during treatment with Tegretol CR:
Do not stop taking Tegretol CR without consulting your doctor first. Sudden withdrawal of the medicine may cause a sudden increase in seizures.
Tegretol CR can be used in children and elderly patients, provided that the doctor's instructions are followed. The doctor should inform the patient about specific instructions, e.g. the need to carefully follow the dosage instructions and the need for close monitoring of the patient (see also "3. How to take Tegretol CR" and "4. Possible side effects").
The patient should tell their doctor or pharmacist about all medicines they are currently taking or have recently taken, as well as any medicines they plan to take. This is especially important for Tegretol CR, as many different medicines can affect its action.
Sometimes it may be necessary to change the dosage or stop taking some of the medicines.
Hormonal contraceptives, e.g. pills, patches, injections, or implants
Tegretol CR may affect the action of hormonal contraceptives and reduce their effectiveness in preventing pregnancy. The patient should discuss this with their doctor, who will discuss the most suitable type of contraception during treatment with Tegretol CR. In women taking hormonal contraceptives at the same time as Tegretol CR, irregular periods may occur.
Medicines that may interact with Tegretol CR (and vice versa):
Special attention should be paid when taking Tegretol CR with levetiracetam, isoniazid, lithium salts, or metoclopramide.
During treatment with Tegretol CR, the patient should not consume alcohol.
The patient should not drink grapefruit juice or eat grapefruit, as this may increase the action of Tegretol CR. Other juices, such as orange or apple, do not have this effect.
If the patient is pregnant or breastfeeding, or thinks they may be pregnant, or is planning to have a child, they should consult their doctor or pharmacist before taking this medicine.
Tegretol CR may cause serious birth defects. If the patient takes Tegretol CR during pregnancy, the risk of birth defects in the child is even three times higher than in women who do not take antiepileptic medicines. Serious birth defects have been reported, including neural tube defects (spina bifida), facial defects, such as cleft lip and palate, head defects, heart defects, and genital defects related to the opening of the urethra (hypospadias) and finger defects. If the patient takes Tegretol CR during pregnancy, the unborn child should be closely monitored.
In infants born to mothers who took Tegretol CR during pregnancy, developmental problems (brain development) have been reported. In some studies, it has been shown that carbamazepine has a negative effect on the development of the nervous system in children exposed to carbamazepine in the womb, while in other studies, no such effect has been found. The effect on neurological development cannot be ruled out.
If the patient is of childbearing age and does not plan to become pregnant, they should use effective contraception during treatment with Tegretol CR. Tegretol CR may affect the action of hormonal contraceptives, such as the contraceptive pill, and reduce their effectiveness in preventing pregnancy. The patient should discuss this with their doctor, who will discuss the most suitable type of contraception during treatment with Tegretol CR. If the patient stops taking Tegretol CR, they should continue to use effective contraception for another two weeks after stopping the medicine.
If the patient is of childbearing age and plans to become pregnant, they should consult their doctor before stopping contraception and before becoming pregnant, so that the doctor can change the treatment to another one that is safe for the unborn child.
If the patient is or thinks they may be pregnant, they should tell their doctor immediately. The patient should not stop taking the medicine until they have discussed it with their doctor.
Stopping the medicine without consulting a doctor may cause seizures, which can be dangerous for the patient and their unborn child. The doctor may decide to change the treatment.
If the patient takes Tegretol CR during pregnancy, there is also a risk of bleeding problems in the patient shortly after delivery. The doctor may prescribe a medicine to the patient and the child to prevent this.
It is very important to control seizures during pregnancy. However, if the patient takes antiepileptic medicines (seizure medicines) during pregnancy, there is a risk to the child.
The risk of developmental disorders in children of women with epilepsy treated with carbamazepine alone or in combination with other antiepileptic medicines during pregnancy cannot be ruled out.
The doctor will discuss the risks of taking Tegretol CR during pregnancy with the patient.
The patient should not stop taking Tegretol CR without consulting their doctor first.
The patient should inform their doctor about breastfeeding. The active substance of Tegretol CR passes into breast milk. If the doctor agrees, the patient can continue breastfeeding. However, in this particular case, the child should be carefully monitored to avoid side effects. If side effects occur, such as the child becoming very sleepy, the patient should stop breastfeeding and contact their doctor .
There are very rare reports of fertility disorders in men and/or spermatogenesis disorders.
The patient should use effective contraception during therapy and for 2 weeks after taking the last dose of Tegretol CR.
In women taking hormonal contraceptives (birth control) at the same time as Tegretol CR, irregular periods may occur. The effectiveness of hormonal contraceptives may be lower when taking Tegretol CR, so the patient is advised to use other or additional non-hormonal methods of contraception.
Tegretol CR may cause drowsiness, dizziness, or vision disturbances, especially at the beginning of treatment or when increasing the dose. If the patient experiences such symptoms, they should not drive a car or operate machinery or perform other activities that require increased attention.
The medicine contains less than 1 mmol (23 mg) of sodium per tablet, which means that the medicine is considered "sodium-free".
This medicine should always be taken as directed by the doctor. If the patient has any doubts, they should consult their doctor or pharmacist. The patient should not exceed the recommended dose prescribed by the doctor.
The patient should not stop taking Tegretol CR suddenly without consulting their doctor first. The doctor will inform the patient whether and when they can stop taking the medicine (see "Warnings and precautions").
The tablets should be taken with food, after food, or between meals. The tablets should be swallowed with a small amount of liquid. The tablets can be divided.
The tablets (depending on the doctor's instructions, the whole tablet or half a tablet) should be swallowed by the patient without chewing, with a small amount of liquid. A oral suspension containing carbamazepine is also available, which is particularly suitable for patients who have difficulty swallowing tablets or require careful dose adjustment during the initial treatment period.
The slow, controlled release of the active substance from the tablets with modified release allows them to be taken twice a day.
Switching from tablets to suspension: The doctor will prescribe the same amount of medicine (in mg per day), but in smaller single doses, increasing the frequency of administration, e.g. the doctor will prescribe the suspension to be taken three times a day instead of tablets twice a day.
The doctor will exercise special caution when adjusting the dose for elderly patients.
Recommended dose
Treatment starts with a low daily dose, and the doctor will gradually increase the dose until the optimal effect is achieved.
The doctor may order a blood test to determine the level of the medicine in the blood, as this may be helpful in determining the optimal dosage.
If Tegretol CR is to be added to the existing antiepileptic treatment regimen, the doctor will introduce the medicine gradually, maintaining or, if necessary, modifying the dosage of other antiepileptic medicines.
The initial dose is 100 mg to 200 mg once or twice a day; the doctor will gradually increase the dose until the optimal therapeutic effect is achieved - usually up to 400 mg 2 to 3 times a day. In some patients, it may be necessary to take a dose of 1600 mg, and even 2000 mg per day.
For children under 6 years of age, Tegretol is available in the form of an oral suspension.
In children over 6 years of age, treatment with carbamazepine can be started at a dose of 100 mg per day, increasing the dose by 100 mg at weekly intervals.
Maintenance dose: 10 to 20 mg/kg body weight per day, in divided doses, e.g.:
6 to 10 years
400 mg to 600 mg per day
11 to 15 years
600 mg to 1000 mg per day
>15 years
800 mg to 1200 mg per day (the same dose as for adults)
Maximum recommended doses:
up to 6 years: 35 mg/kg body weight per day
6 to 15 years: 1000 mg per day
>15 years: 1200 mg per day
Dose range: approximately 400 mg to 1600 mg per day, usually 400 mg to 600 mg per day, in 2 to 3 divided doses. In the treatment of acute manic episodes, the doctor will increase the dose fairly quickly, while in the prevention of bipolar disorders, the dose increase will be slower to ensure optimal tolerance to the medicine.
Average dosage: 200 mg 3 times a day. In severe cases, the doctor may increase the dose during the first few days (e.g. up to 400 mg 3 times a day). During the initial treatment period, when the symptoms of the withdrawal syndrome are worsening, the doctor may administer Tegretol CR in combination with sedative medicines (e.g. chlormethiazole, chlordiazepoxide). After the acute phase has passed, treatment will be continued with Tegretol CR only.
The initial dose is 200 mg to 400 mg per day and will be gradually increased by the doctor until the pain disappears (usually 200 mg 3 to 4 times a day). The maximum dose is 1200 mg per day.
Then the doctor will gradually decrease the dose to the smallest possible maintenance dose. In elderly patients, treatment starts with a dose of 100 mg 2 times a day.
If the patient feels that the action of Tegretol CR is too strong or too weak, they should consult their doctor.
If the patient has taken a higher dose of Tegretol CR than recommended, they should consult their doctor or go to the emergency room of the nearest hospital immediately.
The patient may need to be monitored.
If the patient experiences breathing difficulties, rapid and irregular heartbeat, loss of consciousness, fainting, tremors, malaise, and/or vomiting, they should stop taking Tegretol CR immediately and inform their doctor.
If the patient misses a dose, they should take it as soon as possible. However, if it is almost time for the next dose, they should not take the missed dose, but take the next dose at the usual time. The patient should not take a double dose to make up for the missed dose.
Like all medicines, Tegretol CR can cause side effects, although not everybody gets them.
Most of these side effects are mild to moderate and usually disappear after a few days of treatment.
Some side effects can be seriousand may affect less than 1 in 1000 people
immediately:
Very common: may affect more than 1 in 10 people
loss of coordination, skin inflammation with itching rash and redness, itching rash, vomiting, nausea, dizziness, drowsiness, fatigue, leukopenia.
Common: may affect less than 1 in 10 people
swelling around the ankles, feet, or legs, fluid retention, weight gain, headache, dry mouth, double vision, blurred vision, thrombocytopenia, eosinophilia.
Uncommon: may affect less than 1 in 100 people
abnormal involuntary movements, such as tremors, asterixis (flapping of the hands), dystonia (twisting and bending of different parts of the body), tics, oculogyric crisis, diarrhea, constipation, exfoliative dermatitis.
Rare: may affect less than 1 in 1000 people
itching, swollen lymph nodes, leukocytosis, multi-organ hypersensitivity, folic acid deficiency, decreased appetite, hallucinations, depression, aggression, anxiety, agitation, confusion, uncoordinated and involuntary movements of the limbs and body, uncontrolled eye movements, speech difficulties or slurred speech, abnormal muscle movements (choreoathetosis occurring alternately with slow twisting movements of the body), sensory disturbances, numbness, tingling in the hands and feet, sensation of electric shock, weakness, conduction disorders, hypertension or hypotension, abdominal pain, jaundice, liver failure, skin peeling, hypersensitivity to light, erythema multiforme, lupus-like syndrome, skin pigmentation disorders, purpura, acne, excessive sweating, hirsutism, bone metabolism disorders leading to demineralization of bones/osteoporosis, joint pain, muscle pain, interstitial nephritis, kidney failure, kidney function disorders (e.g. proteinuria, hematuria, oliguria, and increased urea nitrogen level in the blood/azotemia), frequent urination, sudden decrease in urine output, sexual disorders/erectile dysfunction, spermatogenesis disorders (decreased sperm count or motility), increased thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels in the blood.
Very rare: may affect less than 1 in 10,000 people
abnormal blood test results, anemia, gamma globulin deficiency, unexpected milk secretion from the breasts, breast enlargement in men, disorders of porphyrin production, a pigment important for liver function and blood formation, anxiety, changes in mental state, taste disturbances, lens clouding, conjunctivitis, hearing disorders (tinnitus, hyperacusis, hearing loss, change in perception of high tones), chest pain, extremely slow heartbeats, worsening of coronary artery disease, circulatory collapse, blood clots, swelling and redness along the vein, which becomes very sensitive to touch, often felt as painful (thrombophlebitis), shortness of breath, fever, and pneumonia (pulmonary hypersensitivity), tongue inflammation, oral mucosa inflammation, liver failure, blisters on the oral mucosa and genital organs (Stevens-Johnson syndrome), toxic epidermal necrolysis, hypersensitivity to light, erythema multiforme, lupus-like syndrome, skin pigmentation disorders, purpura, acne, excessive sweating, hirsutism, bone metabolism disorders leading to demineralization of bones/osteoporosis, joint pain, muscle pain, interstitial nephritis, kidney failure, kidney function disorders (e.g. proteinuria, hematuria, oliguria, and increased urea nitrogen level in the blood/azotemia), frequent urination, sudden decrease in urine output, sexual disorders/erectile dysfunction, spermatogenesis disorders (decreased sperm count or motility), increased thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels in the blood.
Frequency not known: frequency cannot be estimated from the available data
sedation, memory loss, purple or reddish-purple spots, which may be itchy ,drug rash with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms, lichenoid keratosis, reactivation of herpesvirus 6 infection (may be severe due to immune system disorders), complete loss of nails, fractures, decreased bone density, bone marrow failure, i.e. the bone marrow produces an insufficient number of red and white blood cells, as well as platelets, colitis, high ammonia levels in the blood (hyperammonemia). Symptoms of hyperammonemia may include irritability, disorientation, vomiting, loss of appetite, and drowsiness.
If the patient experiences any side effects, including any side effects not listed in this leaflet, they should tell their doctor or pharmacist. Side effects can be reported directly to the Department of Drug Monitoring of the Office for Registration of Medicinal Products, Medical Devices, and Biocidal Products
Al. Jerozolimskie 181C
02-222 Warsaw
Phone: + 48 22 49 21 301
Fax: + 48 22 49 21 309
Website: https://smz.ezdrowie.gov.pl.
Side effects can also be reported to the marketing authorization holder.
By reporting side effects, it is possible to gather more information on the safety of the medicine.
Tegretol CR 200 are tablets of a uniform color (from beige to orange), oval, slightly convex on both sides, with the inscription "H/C" on one side and "C/G" on the other side, and a dividing line on both sides.
Tegretol CR 400 are tablets of a uniform color (from brown to orange), oval, slightly convex on both sides, with the inscription "ENE/ENE" on one side and "CG/CG" on the other side, and a dividing line on both sides.
Tegretol CR 200, tablets with modified release, 200 mg, are available in a cardboard box containing 50 tablets in blisters (PVC/PE/PVDC)/Aluminum.
Tegretol CR 400, tablets with modified release, 400 mg, are available in a cardboard box containing 30 tablets in blisters (PVC/PE/PVDC)/Aluminum.
Novartis Poland Sp. z o.o.
ul. Marynarska 15
02-674 Warsaw
Phone: + 48 22 375 48 88
Novartis Farmacéutica SA
Gran Via de les Corts Catalanes, 764
08013 Barcelona
Spain
Novartis Pharma GmbH
Roonstrasse 25
90429 Nürnberg
Germany
Novartis Farma S.p.A.
Via Provinciale Schito 131
80058 Torre Annunziata (NA)
Italy
Date of last revision of the leaflet:10/2024
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