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Measles is an infection that spreads very easily and can cause serious problems in some people. Having the MMR vaccine is the best way to prevent it.
Symptoms of measles
Measles usually starts with cold-like symptoms, followed by a rash a few days later. Some people may also get small spots in their mouth.
Cold-like symptoms
The first symptoms of measles include:
- a high temperature
- a runny or blocked nose
- sneezing
- a cough
- red, sore, watery eyes
Spots in the mouth
Small white spots may appear inside the cheeks and on the back of the lips a few days later. These spots usually last a few days.
The measles rash
A rash usually appears a few days after the cold-like symptoms.
The rash starts on the face and behind the ears before spreading to the rest of the body.
The spots of the measles rash are sometimes raised and join together to form blotchy patches. They're not usually itchy.
The rash looks brown or red on white skin. It may be harder to see on brown and black skin.
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MMR vaccine or previous infection
It's unlikely to be measles if you've had both doses of the MMR vaccine or you've had measles before.
See other rashes in babies and children
How to look after yourself or your child
Measles usually starts to get better in about a week.
After seeing a GP, there are things you can do to help ease the symptoms and reduce the risk of spreading the infection.
It can help to:
- rest and drink plenty of fluids, such as water, to avoid dehydration
- give your child paracetamol for children or ibuprofen for children if they're distressed or uncomfortable – check the packaging or leaflet to make sure the medicine is suitable for your child, or speak to a pharmacist or GP if you're not sure
- adults can take paracetamol or ibuprofen for a high temperature
- use cotton wool soaked in water that has been boiled and allowed to cool to gently remove any crusts from your or your child's eyes
Important
Stay off nursery, school or work for at least 4 days from when the rash first appears.
Also try to avoid close contact with babies and anyone who is pregnant or has a weakened immune system.
How to avoid spreading or catching measles
Measles is spread when an infected person breathes, coughs or sneezes.
You’re infectious from when you first have symptoms (around 4 days before the rash appears) until 4 days after you get the rash.
There are things you can do to reduce the risk of spreading or catching measles.
Do
-
open windows and doors to help reduce the risk of measles spreading – only open the top window or use safety catches if you have young children
-
wash your hands often with soap and warm water
-
use tissues when you cough or sneeze and throw them in the bin immediately after using them
Don’t
-
do not share cutlery, cups, towels, clothes, or bedding
Complications of measles
Measles can lead to serious problems if it spreads to other parts of the body, such as the lungs or brain.
Problems that can be caused by measles include:
- pneumonia
- meningitis
- blindness
- seizures (fits)
These problems are rare, but some people are more at risk. This includes babies and people with weakened immune systems.
Measles in pregnancy
If you get measles when you're pregnant, it could harm your baby.
It can cause:
- miscarriage or stillbirth
- premature birth (before the 37th week of pregnancy)
- your baby having a low birthweight
It's important to get medical advice if you're pregnant and have been in close contact with someone who has measles.
Call 112 or go to A&E if:
You or your child has measles and:
- have a seizure (fit)
- have severe difficulty breathing – you're gasping, choking or not able to get words out (babies may make grunting noises or their stomach may suck under their ribcage)
- are unable to stay awake – cannot keep their eyes open for more than a few seconds
- suddenly become confused – your child may be very unsettled, behaving differently, or crying non-stop
- your child is limp, floppy or not responding normally – their head may fall to the side, backwards or forwards, or they may find it difficult to lift their head and focus on your face
- have a rash that does not fade when you press a glass against it
- have a stiff neck, or find light uncomfortable or painful
Do not drive to A&E. Ask someone to drive you or call 112 and ask for an ambulance.
Bring any medicines you take with you.
Get vaccinated against measles
The MMR vaccine can prevent measles. It also protects you from mumps and rubella.
The MMR vaccine is offered to all children in the UK. 2 doses can give lifelong protection against measles, mumps, and rubella.
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