Dr. Yevgen Yakovenko is a licensed surgeon and general practitioner in Spain and Germany. He specialises in general, paediatric, and oncological surgery, internal medicine, and pain management. He offers online consultations for adults and children, combining surgical precision with therapeutic support. Dr Yakovenko works with patients across different countries and provides care in Ukrainian, Russian, English, and Spanish.

Areas of medical expertise:

Acute and chronic pain: headaches, muscle and joint pain, back pain, abdominal pain, postoperative pain. Identifying the cause, selecting treatment, and creating a care plan.
Internal medicine: heart, lungs, gastrointestinal tract, urinary system. Management of chronic conditions, symptom control, second opinions.
Pre- and postoperative care: risk assessment, decision-making support, follow-up after surgery, rehabilitation strategies.
General and paediatric surgery: hernias, appendicitis, congenital conditions, both planned and urgent surgeries.
Injuries and trauma: bruises, fractures, sprains, soft tissue damage, wound care, dressing, referral when in-person care is required.
Oncological surgery: diagnosis review, treatment planning, and long-term follow-up.
Obesity treatment and weight management: a medical approach to weight loss, including assessment of underlying causes, evaluation of comorbidities, development of a personalised plan (nutrition, physical activity, pharmacotherapy if needed), and ongoing progress monitoring.
Imaging interpretation: analysis of ultrasound, CT, MRI, and X-ray results, surgical planning based on imaging data.
Second opinions and medical navigation: clarifying diagnoses, reviewing current treatment plans, helping patients choose the best course of action.

Experience and qualifications:

12+ years of clinical experience in university hospitals in Germany and Spain.
International education: Ukraine – Germany – Spain.
Member of the German Society of Surgeons (BDC).
Certified in radiological diagnostics and robotic surgery.
Active participant in international medical conferences and research.

Dr Yakovenko explains complex topics in a clear, accessible way. He works collaboratively with patients to analyse health issues and make evidence-based decisions. His approach is grounded in clinical excellence, scientific accuracy, and respect for each individual.

If you are unsure about a diagnosis, preparing for surgery, or want to discuss your test results – Dr Yakovenko will help you evaluate your options and move forward with confidence.

This page is for general information. Consult a doctor for personal advice. Call emergency services if symptoms are severe.

How to use NEFROFIT

INSTRUCTIONS for medical use of the medicinal product ALLERGODIL^®(ALLERGODIL^®)

Composition

active substance: azelastine hydrochloride; 1 ml of solution contains azelastine hydrochloride 1 mg; excipients: hypromellose, disodium edetate, anhydrous citric acid, sodium hydrogen phosphate, dodecahydrate, sodium chloride, purified water.

Pharmaceutical form

Nasal spray, dosed.

Main physical and chemical properties

Transparent colorless solution.

Pharmacotherapeutic group

Agents used in diseases of the nasal cavity. Antiallergic agents, excluding corticosteroids. ATC code R01A C03.

Pharmacological properties

Pharmacodynamics

Azelastine hydrochloride is an H1-receptor antagonist and, as a result, is an antiallergic substance with a relatively long half-life (t1/2 @ 20 hours).

In addition, in vivo studies in guinea pigs have shown that when used in therapeutic doses for humans, azelastine hydrochloride inhibits bronchial spasm caused by leukotrienes and platelet-activating factor (PAF) inhibitors.

Due to these properties, in animal experiments, azelastine hydrochloride is also able to inhibit inflammation in the airways caused by hypersensitivity reactions. The significance of the findings obtained in animal studies has not been clarified regarding the therapeutic application of the drug in humans.

Pharmacokinetics

Azelastine hydrochloride is quickly and almost completely absorbed after oral administration and is mainly distributed in peripheral organs, primarily in the lungs, skin, muscles, liver, and kidneys, and to a minor extent in the brain. Dose-dependent linear kinetics have been demonstrated. Azelastine hydrochloride and its metabolites are excreted approximately 75% with feces and approximately 25% by the kidneys. The most important metabolic pathways are hydroxylation of the ring, N-demethylation, and oxidative opening of the azepine ring.

In patients with allergic rhinitis, the steady-state average concentration of azelastine hydrochloride in plasma, observed 2 hours after administration of the total daily dose of 0.56 mg of azelastine hydrochloride (1 spray in each nostril 2 times a day), was approximately 0.65 ng/ml, but this did not lead to clinically significant systemic side effects.

As a result of the dose-dependent linear effect, an increase in average plasma levels can be expected with an increase in the daily dose.

Clinical characteristics

Indications

Symptomatic treatment of seasonal allergic rhinitis (hay fever) and non-seasonal (perennial) allergic rhinitis.

Contraindications

Increased sensitivity to the active substance, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), or to any other component of the drug.

The drug is contraindicated in children under 6 years of age.

Interaction with other medicinal products and other types of interactions

So far, no interaction with other drugs has been detected.

Special warnings and precautions for use

None.

Use during pregnancy or breastfeeding

Clinical data on the use of azelastine hydrochloride in women during pregnancy or breastfeeding are absent. Studies in animals with high oral doses of azelastine led to embryo death, delayed development, and skeletal defects.

Therefore, it is not recommended to use the drug during pregnancy or breastfeeding.

Ability to influence the reaction rate when driving vehicles or operating other mechanisms

When using the drug, in individual cases, increased fatigue, exhaustion, fatigue, dizziness, or weakness may occur, which can also be caused by the disease itself. In these cases, the reaction rate when driving a vehicle or working with other mechanisms may be reduced. Special attention should be paid to the fact that these symptoms can be exacerbated by the simultaneous use of alcohol and other drugs that negatively affect the reaction rate.

Method of administration and dosage

For nasal use.

Unless otherwise prescribed, the spray should be administered 1 dose in each nostril 2 times a day (in the morning and evening; corresponds to a daily dose of azelastine hydrochloride 0.56 mg/day).

When using the spray, the head should be kept straight.

The duration of therapy depends on the type, severity, and development of symptoms and is determined by the doctor individually.

The drug can be used for long-term therapy.

Children

Can be used in children from 6 years of age.

Overdose

There is no experience with the use of toxic doses of azelastine hydrochloride in humans. In case of overdose or intoxication, central nervous system disorders are expected based on the results of experiments on animals. Treatment of these disorders should be symptomatic. There is no known antidote.

Side effects

Side effects that may occur during the use of azelastine hydrochloride are classified according to the following frequency: very often (≥ 1/10), often (≥ 1/100 – < 1/10), uncommon (≥ 1/1000 – <1/100), rare (≥ 1/10000 – < 1/1000), very rare (< 1/10000), unknown (cannot be determined from available data).

From the immune system: very rare – hypersensitivity reactions.

From the nervous system: often – dysgeusia (in case of incorrect use (head thrown back) may cause symptoms of a bitter taste in the mouth, which can cause nausea); very rare – dizziness.

From the respiratory system: uncommon – irritation of the nasal mucosa with inflammation after spraying (such as burning and itching), sneezing, and nasal bleeding.

From the gastrointestinal tract: rare – nausea.

General disorders: very rare – increased fatigue (feeling of fatigue and exhaustion), dizziness or weakness, which can also be caused by the disease itself.

From the skin: very rare – rash, itching, urticaria.

Also, reports of drowsiness, headache, and dry mouth have been reported in some patients.

Shelf life

3 years.

After opening the bottle, the drug should be used within 6 months.

Storage conditions

Store at a temperature not exceeding 25 °C. Do not cool. The drug should be stored in a place inaccessible to children.

Packaging

10 ml in a bottle with a screwed-on sprayer; 1 bottle in a cardboard box.

Release category

Without a prescription.

Manufacturer

Madaus GmbH / Madaus GmbH.

Location of the manufacturer and its address

Lutticher Strasse 5, 53842 Troisdorf, Germany / Lutticher Strasse 5, 53842 Troisdorf, Germany.

NEFROFIT

Yevgen Yakovenko

Katia Benko

Yevgen Yakovenko

Katia Benko

How to use NEFROFIT