Background pattern
BILASTIN-TEVA

BILASTIN-TEVA

Ask a doctor about a prescription for BILASTIN-TEVA

This page is for general information. Consult a doctor for personal advice. Call emergency services if symptoms are severe.
About the medicine

How to use BILASTIN-TEVA

INSTRUCTIONS for medical use of the medicinal product TERBINORM (TERBINORM)

Composition

active substance: terbinafine; 1 ml of the preparation contains 10.08 mg of terbinafine hydrochloride; excipients: propylene glycol, macrogol 300, ethanol 96%, purified water.

Pharmaceutical form

Spray for external use, solution.

Main physical and chemical properties

Transparent or slightly opalescent solution, colorless or with a yellowish tint.

Pharmacotherapeutic group

Antifungal agents for topical use. ATC code D01A E15.

Pharmacological properties

Pharmacodynamics

Terbinafine is an allylamine with a broad spectrum of antifungal activity against skin infections caused by dermatophytes such as Trichophyton (e.g., T. rubrum, T. mentagrophytes, T. verrucosum, T. violaceum), Microsporum canis, and Epidermophyton floccosum. At low concentrations, it has a fungicidal effect on dermatophytes and mold fungi. The activity against yeast fungi is either fungicidal (e.g., Pityrosporum orbiculare or Malassezia furfur) or fungistatic, depending on the species.

Terbinafine specifically inhibits the early stage of sterol biosynthesis in the fungal cell membrane. This leads to a deficiency of ergosterol and an intracellular accumulation of squalene, resulting in the death of the fungal cell. The effect of terbinafine is exerted by inhibiting the enzyme squalene epoxidase in the fungal cell membrane. This enzyme does not belong to the cytochrome P450 system. Terbinafine does not affect the metabolism of hormones or other medicinal products.

Pharmacokinetics

After external application, less than 5% of the applied dose is absorbed, so the systemic exposure to terbinafine is very low.

Clinical characteristics

Indications

Treatment of interdigital epidermophytosis of the feet ("athlete's foot") and inguinal dermatophytosis ("jockey's itch"), caused by dermatophytes such as Trichophyton (e.g., T. rubrum, T. mentagrophytes, T. verrucosum, T. violaceum) and Epidermophyton floccosum.

Contraindications

Increased sensitivity to the active substance or to other components of the preparation.

Interaction with other medicinal products and other types of interactions

Although there is no information about the occurrence of any medicinal interactions, as a precautionary measure, it is not recommended to apply other medicinal products to areas treated with the preparation.

Special instructions

The preparation should be used with caution in patients with skin lesions, as ethanol, which is part of its composition, can cause irritation.

The preparation is intended for external use only. The spray should not be applied to the face.

The preparation may cause eye irritation. In case of accidental contact with the eyes, they should be rinsed immediately with running water.

Do not inhale. In case of accidental inhalation of the preparation, consult a doctor if any side symptoms worsen or persist.

The spray contains 46.56 mg of alcohol (ethanol) per daily dose, which is equivalent to 250 mg/g of 96% ethanol. May cause a burning sensation on damaged skin.

The preparation also contains propylene glycol, which can cause skin irritation.

Use during pregnancy or breastfeeding
Pregnancy

Animal studies have not revealed any teratogenic or embryotoxic effects of terbinafine. To date, there have been no reports of birth defects in humans. Clinical experience with the use of the preparation in pregnant women is limited. Studies of fetal toxicity in animals indicate no adverse effects.

The preparation should not be used during pregnancy, except in cases of urgent need.

Breastfeeding period

Terbinafine penetrates into breast milk, so the preparation should not be used during breastfeeding.

Avoid contact between infants and any area of skin where the preparation has been applied.

Fertility

Animal studies have not shown any effect of terbinafine on fertility.

Ability to affect reaction speed when driving vehicles or operating other mechanisms

Does not affect.

Method of application and dosage

Method of application

The preparation is intended for external use only.

Before its application, the affected areas of the skin should be thoroughly cleaned and dried. The spray should be sprayed at a distance of 1-15 cm onto the affected areas in an amount sufficient to thoroughly moisten them, and also applied to adjacent areas of both affected and intact skin.

Dosage

Adults and children over 16 years old

The preparation should be applied once a day for a week.

Relief of disease symptoms is usually expected within a few days. Non-systematic application or premature termination of treatment can lead to the occurrence of relapses of the disease.

If there are no signs of improvement after a week of treatment, consult a doctor.

Special categories of patients

Elderly patients

No dose adjustment is required for elderly patients.

Children.

Do not use the preparation in children under 16 years old. Experience with the use of terbinafine 1% spray in children is limited, so it is not recommended to use the preparation in children.

Overdose

Low systemic absorption of terbinafine during local application makes the likelihood of overdose extremely low.

In case of accidental ingestion, the contents of one vial of the medicinal product (containing 200 mg of terbinafine) can be compared to the use of one tablet of terbinafine 250 mg (single dose for adults for oral use).

In case of accidental ingestion, consider the content of ethyl alcohol in the medicinal product (4032.8 mg/vial).

In case of accidental ingestion of more than one vial, manifestations of such side reactions as headache, nausea, epigastric pain, dizziness are possible.

Treatment of overdose consists in removing the active substance, primarily by using activated charcoal, and conducting symptomatic therapy if necessary.

Side reactions

Local symptoms such as itching, peeling, or burning of the skin, pain, and irritation at the site of application, pigmentation disorders, erythema, crust formation, and others may be observed at the site of application. These minor symptoms should be distinguished from hypersensitivity reactions, including rash, widespread itching, bullous eruptions, and urticaria, which are reported in individual cases and require discontinuation of treatment. In case of accidental contact with the eyes, the preparation may cause eye irritation. In rare cases, exacerbation of hidden fungal infection is possible.

Side reactions listed below are classified by organs and systems and by frequency of occurrence (very often: ≥1/10; often: ≥1/100 to <1/10; uncommon: ≥1/1000 to <1/100; rare: ≥1/10000 to <1/1000; very rare: <1/10000), frequency unknown (frequency cannot be calculated from available data).

Immune system disorders

Frequency unknown - hypersensitivity reactions.

Eye disorders

Rare - eye irritation.

Skin and subcutaneous tissue disorders

Often - peeling of the skin, itching; uncommon - skin damage, crust formation, skin lesions, pigmentation disorders, erythema, burning sensation; rare - dryness of the skin, contact dermatitis, eczema; frequency unknown - rash.

General disorders and administration site reactions

Uncommon - pain, pain at the site of application, irritation at the site of application; rare - exacerbation of symptoms.

Reporting suspected side reactions

Reporting side reactions after registration of the medicinal product is important. This allows monitoring the benefit/risk ratio of using this medicinal product. Medical and pharmaceutical workers, as well as patients or their authorized representatives, should report all cases of suspected side reactions and lack of efficacy of the medicinal product through the Automated Information System for Pharmacovigilance at: https://aisf.dec.gov.ua.

Shelf life

3 years. Do not use after the expiration date.

Storage conditions

Store at a temperature not exceeding 25°C in a place inaccessible to children.

Packaging

20 ml of the preparation in a polymer vial with a sprayer and a cap. One vial in a cardboard box.

Release category

Without prescription.

Manufacturer

C.O. Rompharm Company S.R.L./ S.C. Rompharm Company S.R.L.

Location of the manufacturer and address of the place of its activity

Otopeni, Eroilor Street No. 1A, 075100, Ilfov County, Romania.

Applicant

WORLD MEDICINE, LLC, Ukraine.

Alternatives to BILASTIN-TEVA in other countries

The best alternatives with the same active ingredient and therapeutic effect.

Alternative to BILASTIN-TEVA in Spain

Dosage form: TABLET, 20 mg
Active substance: bilastine
Prescription required
Dosage form: ORALLY DISINTEGRATING TABLET/LIOTAB, 10 mg
Active substance: bilastine
Manufacturer: Urquima S.A.
Prescription required
Dosage form: TABLET, 20 mg
Active substance: bilastine
Manufacturer: Tarbis Farma S.L.
Prescription required
Dosage form: TABLET, 20 mg
Active substance: bilastine
Prescription not required
Dosage form: TABLET, 20 mg
Active substance: bilastine
Manufacturer: Noucor Health S.A.
Prescription required
Dosage form: ORALLY DISINTEGRATING TABLET/LIOTAB, 10 mg
Active substance: bilastine
Prescription required

Alternative to BILASTIN-TEVA in Poland

Dosage form: Tablets, 20 mg
Active substance: bilastine
Prescription required
Dosage form: Tablets, 10 mg
Active substance: bilastine
Prescription required
Dosage form: Tablets, 20 mg
Active substance: bilastine
Marketing authorisation holder (MAH): Menarini International Operations Luxembourg S.A.
Prescription required
Dosage form: Tablets, 20 mg
Active substance: bilastine
Marketing authorisation holder (MAH): Menarini International Operations Luxembourg S.A.
Prescription required
Dosage form: Tablets, 20 mg
Active substance: bilastine
Importer: APL Swift Services (Malta) Ltd. Generis Farmacêutica, S.A.
Prescription not required
Dosage form: Tablets, 20 mg
Active substance: bilastine
Importer: Saneca Pharmaceuticals a. s.
Prescription not required

Online doctors for BILASTIN-TEVA

Discuss dosage, side effects, interactions, contraindications, and prescription renewal for BILASTIN-TEVA – subject to medical assessment and local rules.

5.0(7)
Doctor

Svetlana Kovalenko

Family medicine15 years of experience

Dr Svetlana Kovalenko is a family medicine doctor with over 14 years of experience and a medical degree from Kharkiv National Medical University. She offers online consultations for adults, supporting patients with both acute and chronic conditions, preventive care, and personalised medical advice.

What patients commonly consult her for:

  • High blood pressure, type 2 diabetes, cholesterol management
  • Cold and flu symptoms: fever, cough, sore throat
  • Fatigue, sleep problems, headaches, general discomfort
  • Ongoing care for chronic conditions and medication review
  • Help interpreting test results and lab reports
  • Preventive check-ups and advice on healthy lifestyle habits

Dr Kovalenko combines evidence-based practice with a respectful, patient-centred approach. She takes time to explain, listens attentively, and helps each person make confident, informed decisions about their health.

CameraBook a video appointment
€55
January 309:00
January 309:25
January 309:50
January 310:15
January 310:40
More times
0.0(0)
Doctor

Tetiana Fedoryshyn

General medicine30 years of experience

Dr Tetiana Fedoryshyn is a senior general practitioner, certified nutritionist, and psychologist with over 29 years of clinical experience. She combines classical internal medicine with modern approaches in lifestyle medicine, functional nutrition, and emotional health support.

Her focus is on helping patients regain health through deep understanding of symptoms, personalised nutrition plans, and evidence-based correction of deficiencies, stress-related conditions, and metabolic imbalances. Dr Fedoryshyn works with adults experiencing chronic conditions, fatigue, hormonal disruption, and post-stress exhaustion.

She integrates medical analysis, psychological insight, and real-life behaviour change tools to offer treatment plans tailored to each patient’s biochemistry, mental state, and lifestyle.

Main areas of practice:

  • Chronic condition management and medical counselling
  • Weight loss programmes based on metabolic profiling
  • Diagnosis and treatment of micronutrient deficiencies
  • Recovery from stress, burnout, and hormonal imbalances
  • Emotional support and psychosomatic symptom care
Her approach is never one-size-fits-all – each consultation begins with a deep dive into your unique health history, test results, and emotional landscape. Consultations are available in Ukrainian, Polish, and Russian.
CameraBook a video appointment
€65
January 309:00
January 309:25
January 309:50
January 310:15
January 310:40
More times
5.0(2)
Doctor

Tomasz Grzelewski

Dermatology21 years of experience

Dr Tomasz Grzelewski is an MD, PhD specialist in allergy, paediatrics, general practice and sports medicine, with a clinical focus on dermatology, endocrinology, allergology and sports-related health. He has more than 20 years of clinical experience and completed his medical training at the Medical University of Łódź, where he defended his PhD thesis with distinction. His doctoral research was recognised by the Polish Society of Allergology for its innovative contribution to the field. Throughout his career, he has gained extensive expertise in diagnosing and managing a wide range of allergic and paediatric conditions, including modern allergen desensitisation techniques.

For five years, Dr Grzelewski served as the Head of two paediatric departments in Poland, managing complex clinical cases and leading multidisciplinary teams. He also worked in medical centres in the United Kingdom, gaining experience across both primary care and specialist environments. With over a decade of telemedicine experience, he has provided online consultations across Europe and is valued for his clear, structured and evidence-based medical guidance.

Dr Grzelewski is actively involved in clinical programmes focused on modern anti-allergic therapies. As a Principal Investigator, he leads research projects on sublingual and oral allergen desensitisation, supporting evidence-based progress in allergy treatment for both children and adults.

In addition to his background in allergology and paediatrics, he completed dermatology studies through the Cambridge Education Group (Royal College of Physicians of Ireland) and a Clinical Endocrinology course at Harvard Medical School. This advanced training enhances his ability to manage skin manifestations of allergies, atopic conditions, urticaria, endocrine-related symptoms and complex immunological reactions.

Patients commonly seek his care for:

  • seasonal and perennial allergies
  • allergic rhinitis and chronic nasal symptoms
  • asthma and breathing difficulties
  • food and medication allergies
  • urticaria, atopic dermatitis and skin reactions
  • recurrent infections in children
  • sports-related health questions
  • general family medicine concerns
Dr Tomasz Grzelewski is known for his clear communication style, structured medical approach and ability to explain treatment options in a concise and accessible way. His multidisciplinary background across allergy, paediatrics, dermatology and endocrinology allows him to provide safe, up-to-date and comprehensive care for patients of all ages.
CameraBook a video appointment
€80
January 311:00
January 311:25
January 311:50
January 312:15
January 312:40
More times
5.0(40)
Doctor

Yevgen Yakovenko

General surgery12 years of experience

Dr. Yevgen Yakovenko is a licensed surgeon and general practitioner in Spain and Germany. He specialises in general, paediatric, and oncological surgery, internal medicine, and pain management. He offers online consultations for adults and children, combining surgical precision with therapeutic support. Dr Yakovenko works with patients across different countries and provides care in Ukrainian, Russian, English, and Spanish.

Areas of medical expertise:

  • Acute and chronic pain: headaches, muscle and joint pain, back pain, abdominal pain, postoperative pain. Identifying the cause, selecting treatment, and creating a care plan.
  • Internal medicine: heart, lungs, gastrointestinal tract, urinary system. Management of chronic conditions, symptom control, second opinions.
  • Pre- and postoperative care: risk assessment, decision-making support, follow-up after surgery, rehabilitation strategies.
  • General and paediatric surgery: hernias, appendicitis, congenital conditions, both planned and urgent surgeries.
  • Injuries and trauma: bruises, fractures, sprains, soft tissue damage, wound care, dressing, referral when in-person care is required.
  • Oncological surgery: diagnosis review, treatment planning, and long-term follow-up.
  • Obesity treatment and weight management: a medical approach to weight loss, including assessment of underlying causes, evaluation of comorbidities, development of a personalised plan (nutrition, physical activity, pharmacotherapy if needed), and ongoing progress monitoring.
  • Imaging interpretation: analysis of ultrasound, CT, MRI, and X-ray results, surgical planning based on imaging data.
  • Second opinions and medical navigation: clarifying diagnoses, reviewing current treatment plans, helping patients choose the best course of action.

Experience and qualifications:

  • 12+ years of clinical experience in university hospitals in Germany and Spain.
  • International education: Ukraine – Germany – Spain.
  • Member of the German Society of Surgeons (BDC).
  • Certified in radiological diagnostics and robotic surgery.
  • Active participant in international medical conferences and research.

Dr Yakovenko explains complex topics in a clear, accessible way. He works collaboratively with patients to analyse health issues and make evidence-based decisions. His approach is grounded in clinical excellence, scientific accuracy, and respect for each individual.

If you are unsure about a diagnosis, preparing for surgery, or want to discuss your test results – Dr Yakovenko will help you evaluate your options and move forward with confidence.

CameraBook a video appointment
€50
January 314:15
January 314:55
January 315:35
January 316:15
January 316:55
More times
0.0(1)
Doctor

Maryna Kuznetsova

Cardiology17 years of experience

Dr Marina Kuznetsova is an internal medicine doctor and cardiologist with a PhD in medicine. She provides online consultations for adults with chronic and acute conditions, with a strong focus on cardiovascular health. Her approach is based on current clinical guidelines and evidence-based treatment strategies.

Areas of expertise:

  • dyslipidaemia and lipid metabolism disorders
  • prevention and management of atherosclerosis
  • blood pressure monitoring and antihypertensive therapy
  • arrhythmias: diagnosis, follow-up, and treatment adjustment
  • cardiovascular care and recovery support after Covid-19
Dr Kuznetsova helps patients manage cardiovascular risk factors, optimise long-term treatment, and gain clarity in complex health situations – all through accessible and structured online care.
CameraBook a video appointment
€50
January 407:00
January 407:50
January 514:00
January 514:50
January 515:40
More times
0.0(2)
Doctor

Muhammad Tayyab Altaf

General medicine3 years of experience

Dr. Muhammad Tayyab Altaf is a primary care physician with extensive international experience, offering online consultations for adults and children. His background includes clinical practice in Italy, the United States and other healthcare settings, allowing him to manage a wide range of acute and chronic medical conditions with confidence and clarity.

His clinical expertise spans multi-system conditions, preventive care and long-term management of chronic diseases. Dr. Altaf combines hands-on experience with a strong research background in both medical and surgical fields, enabling him to provide accurate assessments and structured, evidence-based treatment plans. Patients value his ability to explain diagnoses clearly, outline next steps and support them in making informed healthcare decisions.

Online consultations with Dr. Altaf are suitable for many everyday and acute situations where a timely medical opinion can help determine the safest next steps. He evaluates and treats conditions affecting the cardiovascular, respiratory, gastrointestinal, neurological, haematological and endocrine systems. Common examples include:

  • hypertension and other blood pressure issues
  • ischaemic heart disease and angina
  • asthma, COPD and emphysema
  • pneumonia and lung fibrosis
  • gastroenteritis and digestive infections
  • liver conditions, including alcohol-related disease
  • epilepsy, seizures and post-stroke symptoms
  • dementia and cognitive decline
  • anaemia and other haematological changes
  • diabetes, thyroid disorders and pituitary disease
Many patients reach out when they experience new or worsening symptoms, fluctuations in blood pressure, non-severe chest discomfort, breathing symptoms, digestive issues, suspected infections, chronic fatigue or concerns that affect daily life. He also helps patients understand test results, adjust existing treatment plans and navigate long-term health strategies safely and effectively.

When clinically appropriate, Dr. Altaf can also provide health and fitness certificates, including documentation required for physical activity, sports participation or gym use, based on the patient’s health status and medical indications.

Some conditions are not suitable for online care. Severe chest pain, loss of consciousness, uncontrolled bleeding, seizures, major trauma or symptoms suggesting a stroke or heart attack require immediate attention from local emergency services. Dr. Altaf prioritises patient safety and will guide you accordingly if your situation needs urgent in-person care.

In all consultations, Dr. Muhammad Tayyab Altaf focuses on clear communication, accurate diagnosis and patient-centred decision-making. His approach ensures that individuals and families feel informed, supported and confident in their next steps, no matter where they are.

CameraBook a video appointment
€49
January 409:30
January 409:45
January 410:00
January 410:15
January 410:30
More times
0.0(0)
Doctor

Karim BenHarbi

General medicine9 years of experience

Dr. Karim Ben Harbi is a licensed general practitioner based in Italy. He provides online consultations for adults and children, combining international clinical experience with evidence-based medicine. His care approach is focused on accurate diagnosis, preventive care, and personalised health guidance.

Dr. Ben Harbi received his medical degree from Sapienza University in Rome. His training included hands-on experience in diverse settings — tropical medicine, rural healthcare, and urban outpatient practice. He also conducted clinical research in microbiology, exploring the role of the gut microbiome in chronic gastrointestinal issues.

You can consult Dr. Ben Harbi for:

  • General health concerns, prevention, and primary care.
  • Hypertension, type 1 and type 2 diabetes, metabolic issues.
  • Cold, cough, flu, respiratory infections, sore throat, fever.
  • Chronic digestive issues: bloating, gastritis, IBS, microbiome imbalance.
  • Skin rashes, mild allergic reactions, basic dermatological complaints.
  • Medication guidance, treatment adjustments, prescription review.
  • Paediatric concerns — fever, infections, general well-being.
  • Lifestyle optimisation: stress, sleep, weight, and diet counselling.

Dr. Ben Harbi offers reliable, accessible medical support through online consultations, helping patients make informed decisions about their health with a clear, structured, and compassionate approach.

CameraBook a video appointment
€79
January 411:00
January 411:30
January 412:00
January 412:30
January 413:00
More times
0.0(0)
Doctor

Liudmyla Boichuk

Family medicine11 years of experience

Dr Liudmyla Boichuk is a family medicine doctor providing diagnosis and treatment for a wide range of acute and chronic conditions in adults and children. She works with respiratory, cardiovascular and digestive system disorders and has extensive experience caring for patients with multiple coexisting conditions, where coordinated, whole-person management is essential.

She treats adults with respiratory illnesses such as pneumonia, COPD and bronchial asthma, as well as cardiovascular conditions including hypertension and ischaemic heart disease. Her practice also covers gastrointestinal complaints and chronic comorbidities that require careful, structured medical supervision.

Dr Boichuk provides care for children from birth, including acute respiratory viral infections, infectious diseases, pneumonia, bronchitis, bronchial obstruction syndromes and allergic reactions. She offers clear, evidence-based guidance to parents and ensures safe follow-up throughout the child’s recovery.

Her work also includes developing personalised immunisation plans and supporting families with long-term preventive care.

Known for her structured clinical approach and clear communication, Dr Liudmyla Boichuk offers patients of all ages comprehensive, reliable and evidence-based medical care.

CameraBook a video appointment
€55
January 413:30
January 1113:30
January 1813:30
January 2513:30
February 113:30
More times
5.0(2)
Doctor

Svetlana Kolomeeva

Cardiology18 years of experience

Dr. Svetlana Kolomeeva is a general practitioner and internal medicine doctor providing online consultations for adults. She helps patients manage acute symptoms, chronic conditions, and preventive care. Her clinical focus includes cardiovascular health, hypertension control, and managing symptoms like fatigue, weakness, sleep issues, and overall low energy.

Patients commonly seek her help for:

  • High blood pressure, headaches, dizziness, swelling, palpitations.
  • Diagnosis and management of hypertension, arrhythmias, and tachycardia.
  • Metabolic syndrome, excess weight, high cholesterol.
  • Chronic fatigue, insomnia, poor concentration, anxiety.
  • Respiratory symptoms: colds, flu, sore throat, cough, fever.
  • Digestive issues: heartburn, bloating, constipation, IBS symptoms.
  • Chronic conditions: diabetes, thyroid disorders.
  • Interpretation of lab tests and medical reports, therapy adjustment.
  • Second opinion and decision-making support.
  • Cardiovascular disease prevention and metabolic risk reduction.
  • Long-term follow-up and dynamic health monitoring.

Dr Kolomeeva combines clinical expertise with personalised care. She clearly explains diagnoses, guides patients through symptoms and treatment options, and provides actionable plans. Her consultations are designed not only to address current complaints but also to stabilise chronic conditions and prevent future complications. She supports patients through every stage of care – from first symptoms to ongoing health management.

CameraBook a video appointment
€50
January 509:00
January 510:05
January 511:10
January 512:15
January 513:20
More times
5.0(8)
Doctor

Mar Tabeshadze

Endocrinology11 years of experience

Dr. Mar Tabeshadze is a licensed endocrinologist and general practitioner in Spain. She provides online consultations for adults, offering medical support for a wide range of endocrine conditions and related health concerns.

  • Diagnostic consultations for suspected endocrine disorders
  • Management of thyroid conditions, including in pregnant women
  • Early detection and treatment of type 1 and type 2 diabetes, with personalised therapy plans
  • Obesity treatment: identifying underlying causes of weight gain, combining medication and non-pharmacological strategies, and long-term support
  • Diagnosis and treatment of endocrine-related skin, hair, and nail issues
  • Ongoing care for patients with osteoporosis, pituitary, and adrenal gland disorders
Dr. Tabeshadze takes a patient-centred approach based on evidence-based medicine. Her goal is to help patients achieve hormonal balance, manage chronic conditions effectively, and improve overall well-being through targeted, personalised care.
CameraBook a video appointment
€55
January 511:00
January 611:00
January 711:00
January 811:00
January 911:00
More times

Get updates and exclusive offers

Be the first to know about new services, marketplace updates, and subscriber-only promos.

Follow us on social media
FacebookInstagram
Logo
Oladoctor
Find a doctor
Doctors by specialty
Services
Choose language
© 2026 Oladoctor. All rights reserved.
VisaMastercardStripe